New civil tech

The Pir Panjal Tunnel is a railway tunnel located near the Pir Panjal range in the middle of the Himalayas. What makes it spectacular is that it is the longest railway tunnel that exists in India (11 kilometres long) and the second largest in all of Asia. Indian Railways started the project after growing concerns of safety near the Himalayan region. Trains which pass through this tunnel will now go through 11 kilometres of undisturbed rails. The project is almost complete and is set to kick off soon, although 11 kilometres of darkness doesn’t sound too safe to me either.

INDUSTRY Jeddah Tower (Under Construction) Formerly known as the Kingdom tower, crews began construction on this building in Spring 2013. When completed, the Jeddah Tower is estimated to cost  1.2 billion US dollars  and top the charts as the world's tallest building. Originally engineers sought to build the structure as high as 1 mile (1.6 km). However, in the design phase, it was scaled back to  3281 ft (1000 m) . Even with the downsizing, this building will beat out the current tallest building, the Burj Khalifa, by 591 ft (180m) when completed. Jeddah Tower under construction [Image Source :  Hamed1122, Wikimedia ]

Lake Kariba (1963) By volume, Lake Kariba is the largest man-made reservoir in the world, sitting miles north of the Indian Ocean on the border of Zimbabwe and Zambia. Covering a total area of 5580 square kilometers this lake has a max capacity of 185 cubic km of water. This is so much water that the excess weight is theorized to have caused over 20 earthquakes in the area since its construction. Like all man-made lakes, this volume of water is held back by a large dam, pictured below. If the dam were to fail, millions would lose their lives and damage from the resulting flood would extend through multiple countries.

Danyang-Kunshan Grand Bridge (2010) This  102.4 mile (164.8 km)  bridge holds the title of world's longest, and it took four years to construct. Unlike most bridges, it is built in a viaduct design, spanning many valleys and connecting the cities of Shanghai and Nanjing in the Jiangsu province of China. The railway that the bridge connects spans  818 mi (1317 km) , which is an engineering feat of its own.

Capllarity Capillarity is defined as a phenomenon of rise or fall of liquid surface in a small tube relative to the adjacent general level of liquid when the tube is held vertically in the liquid. If the tube is having insufficient lenght, the value of rise or fall will be affected and the liquid will over flow from the tube.

What is remote sensing?? Remote sensing is the  science of obtaining information  about objects or areas from a distance, typically from aircraft or satellites. A  LIDAR  (Light Detection and Ranging) image created with data collected by NOAA's National Geodetic Survey. Remote sensors collect data by detecting the energy that is reflected from Earth. These sensors can be on satellites or mounted on aircraft. Remote sensors can be either passive or active. Passive sensors respond to external stimuli. They record natural energy that is reflected or emitted from the Earth's surface. The most common source of radiation detected by passive sensors is reflected sunlight. In contrast, active sensors use internal stimuli to collect data about Earth. For example, a laser-beam remote sensing system projects a laser onto the surface of Earth and measures the time that it takes for the laser to reflect back to its sensor. Remote sensing has a wide r...

Buoyancy Buoyancy is the ability or tendency of an object to float in a fluid, which can be a liquid or a gas. This happens because fluid pressure increases with depth. Buoyant force The upwards force that an underwater object feels is called the buoyant force   What is ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPAL?? Archimedes' Principle says that the buoyant force on a submerged object is equal to the weight of the liquiddisplaced by that object'

What are Thermal Bridges? Thermal Bridging Thermal bridges are weaknesses within a building's structure where heat and/or cold is transferred at a substantially higher rate than through the surrounding envelope area. There are basically two types of this phenomenon: geometric thermal bridges where part of the structure projects through the building envelope material thermal bridges where materials with different conductivity are used in combination In practice, these effects often combine. A classic example of this is the balcony slab, where problems occur if the connection is not given serious consideration. The thermograph photograph above shows that if thermal bridges at balconies are not taken care of, the balconies act as “cooling fins”; conducting the heat off the building and cooling the rooms adjacent to the balconies. The effect of thermal bridges Higher energy consumption Due to the thermal outflow at the balcony connection, heat is drawn fro...